Motor controller can complete many very important tasks. Its basic function is to adjust the speed and direction of the motor by controlling the voltage of each phase. But the motor controller also:
Adjust motor speed, torque or power output
Control start or soft start
Prevent circuit failure
Make the acceleration and deceleration of the motor more stable
Prevent overload
To realize all these functions, the motor controller must be more intelligent than before. For example, they can improve efficiency by monitoring the load and adjusting the torque. While improving efficiency, it also reduces the heating, noise and vibration of the motor.
Brushless DC (BLDC) motor or permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) and traditional three-phase inverter traditionally require multiple integrated chips (ICS) to provide various motor controller functions. This includes a microcontroller, a pre drive power stage for driving power metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistors (MOSFETs), a differential amplifier for amplifying the detected motor current, a comparator for extracting back electromotive force (BEMF) information, and a switch and linear regulator for voltage reduction.
Due to the progress of semiconductor technology, many functions are now integrated into a small control device.